Mohammad Vaez Barzani; Mohammad Mohammadi Motlagh
Abstract
Abstract:In many countries, governments have a significant impact on economy through the implementation of monetary and fiscal policies. However, the implementation of inter generational distribution policies, which are in fact the application of fiscal policies in favor of a certain age group of society, ...
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Abstract:In many countries, governments have a significant impact on economy through the implementation of monetary and fiscal policies. However, the implementation of inter generational distribution policies, which are in fact the application of fiscal policies in favor of a certain age group of society, has been received less attention by policymakers in developing countries, including Iran.The purpose of this study shows the impact of inter generational fiscal distribution policies on economic growth, using the overlapping generations model developed Blanchard (1985) and calibrating the model, by applying MATLAB software to extract the steady-state equilibrium conditions for consumption growth and capital in Iran economy.The research results point out that the impacts of distributive fiscal policies on capital growth and consumption growth as two variables affecting the growth rate of the economy, have two separable statuses. The first status belongs to the smoothing rate of consumption in utility functions with constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) which it is less than one; In mentioned situation, by applying distributive fiscal policies in favor of the young age group, the Iranian economy is faced with an increase in capital growth and consumption growth, and the second status is a situation where the smoothing rate of consumption is chosen more than one. In said case, the applying fiscal policies have different results from the previous status.JEL: C61, D31, E21.
total factor productivity of production؛
samaneh talei ardakani
Abstract
In addition to the impact of traditional factors of production such as labor and capital on economic growth, the impact of productivity has always been the focus of growth and development economists. Given the fundamental role of the industry sector as a driver of the country's economic development, ...
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In addition to the impact of traditional factors of production such as labor and capital on economic growth, the impact of productivity has always been the focus of growth and development economists. Given the fundamental role of the industry sector as a driver of the country's economic development, identifying the factors affecting the productivity of this sector can provide a basis for enhancing its share in GDP growth. Accordingly, the present study attempts to evaluate the impact of industry taxation on productivity of Iranian manufacturing industries during the Fifth Development Plan (2011-2015). In addition, this paper attempts to examine the relationship between variables such as investment in industry and compensation of payroll services (salaries and benefits) with total labor productivity. In this regard, the desired data were obtained from the statistical yearbook of the country and the results of the censuses of the country's manufacturing firms and the total labor productivity index was calculated by using the output data of firms. Then, the relationship between tax value and total labor productivity index is evaluated using integrated data panel data method. The results show that at the significant level of 5%, coefficients of tax variables and compensation of wage earners have a positive and significant relationship with productivity and also the investment coefficient at the significant level of 10% has a positive effect on the dependent variable. In other words, with the increase in taxation, the productivity of the entire workforce has also increased, and manufacturing industries have sought to offset some of its costs by increasing productivity. But based on the coefficient of estimation, the severity of tax on the impact of industrial productivity is weak.
Mahdi Shahraki; Simin Ghaderi
Volume 5, Issue 19 , June 2015, , Pages 136-115
Abstract
Infrastructures are one of the most important tools for transferring technology from developed countries to developing ones. These infrastructures will also increase the economic activities; decrease the production and transportation costs, and finally increase the efficiency. Thus, they can affect the ...
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Infrastructures are one of the most important tools for transferring technology from developed countries to developing ones. These infrastructures will also increase the economic activities; decrease the production and transportation costs, and finally increase the efficiency. Thus, they can affect the economic growth. This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of education and health, and economic infrastructures on the economic growth of Iran from 1980 to 2011. To that end, an equation system was designed which uses 2SLS. The findings showed that one percent increase in the education and health infrastructures will increase GDP by 0.06, and increase the foreign direct investment by 0.03. The indirect effect of improving education and health infrastructures on economic growth via foreign investment is 0.06 while export can bring about a 0.02 increase in economic growth.
s
Ali Jafari; Jomadoordi Gorganli Davaji; Majid Ashrafi; Arash Naderian
Abstract
Comparability is a qualitative feature that adds to the usefulness of financial and economic information. Macroeconomic variables can affect the relationship between comparability and dividend payout. Therefore, this paper examines the moderating role of macroeconomic variables in the relationship between ...
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Comparability is a qualitative feature that adds to the usefulness of financial and economic information. Macroeconomic variables can affect the relationship between comparability and dividend payout. Therefore, this paper examines the moderating role of macroeconomic variables in the relationship between comparability criteria and dividend payout policy. The sample consists of 119 active companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2011 to 2017. To measure the comparability, three criteria of earnings comparability, operating cash flows comparability, and discretionary accruals comparability have been utilized. Multivariate linear regression model using Eviews9 software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that the net income comparability had a significant negative effect on dividends payout. The effect of interest rate on the relationship between net income comparability and dividend payout has been positive and significant. Inflation had a positive and significant effect on the relationship between net income comparability and dividend payout. The official exchange rate had a significant negative impact on the relationship between net income comparability and dividend payout, and also it had a significant negative impact on the relationship between discretionary accruals comparability and dividend payout. The effect of the informal exchange rate on the relationship between net income comparability and dividend payout has been negative and significant.
Farhad koohkan; Mohammad Reza Shoorvarzi; Abolghasem Masih Abadi; Aliraza Mehrazin
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of investors' mental accounting on financing policies of companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population was including of 14 top investment companies and their apposite invest taker companies (109 companies) during 2011-2017. ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of investors' mental accounting on financing policies of companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population was including of 14 top investment companies and their apposite invest taker companies (109 companies) during 2011-2017. In this study, variables of financial leverage, cash dividend, debt ratio, debt maturity and long-term debt to equity ratio were used as indicators of financing policies and panel data model with fixed effects method was used for data analysis. The results showed that investigated investment companies exhibited subjective accounting behavior in 34.69% of cases. In addition, investors' mental accounting also has an adverse effect on financial leverage, cash dividend and direct effect on debt ratio, debt maturity and long-term equity debt. The findings can provide valuable insights for managers to achieve optimal financing levels and play an important role in economic growth.
Abolfazl Shahabadi; Tayebeh Sefat; Ali Moradi
Abstract
The globalization of the economy, the increase in the volume of international investment, and the openness of trade have opened the door of countries economic to the foreign shocks and it has increased the negative effects of these shocks on economic growth. Therefore, increasing economic resilience ...
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The globalization of the economy, the increase in the volume of international investment, and the openness of trade have opened the door of countries economic to the foreign shocks and it has increased the negative effects of these shocks on economic growth. Therefore, increasing economic resilience to counteract the negative effects of these shocks has become a policy priority in different countries, and in the meantime, identifying the factors affecting economic resilience can help policymakers to make the right policies. Therefore, the present study attempted to investigate the impact of goods market efficiency, labor market efficiency and financial market efficiency on economic resilience in two groups of developing and developed selected countries during the period 2014-2018. For this purpose, the research model is estimated using panel data approach and generalized moment method separately for the two groups of selected countries. The results showed that the effect of goods market efficiency, labor market efficiency and financial market efficiency on economic resilience in both groups of selected countries is positive and significant. However, the estimated coefficient of goods market efficiency and labor market efficiency in developing selected countries and the estimated coefficient of financial market efficiency in developed selected countries have been higher. Also, the impact of control variables of institutional quality and innovation on economic resilience in both groups of selected countries is positive and significant.
Energy
ebrahim ghaed; Ali Dehghani; Mohammad Fattahy
Abstract
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Types the renewable energy production on Iran’s economic growth during the period of 2008-2017. For this analysis, Vector Autoregressive Model, Johansson-Juselius method and Vector Error Correction Model are used. In accordance ...
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Abstract: The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Types the renewable energy production on Iran’s economic growth during the period of 2008-2017. For this analysis, Vector Autoregressive Model, Johansson-Juselius method and Vector Error Correction Model are used. In accordance with the obtained results, the effect of the variables’ coefficients is coincident based on the theoretical foundations and statistically significant. The results indicate that in the long run, the variables of renewable energy investment by the private sector, the power generation from the renewable energy, and the consumption of renewable energies, which are considered as indicators for renewable energies, have a positive and significant effect on the economic growth. The coefficient of the error correction method indicates that about 0.62 of the short-term imbalance is adjusted in each period to achieve the long-term equilibrium. Further, in the long run, a one percentage increase in the labor force variables, renewable energy investment by the private sector, electricity generation from renewable energy, and the Production of Types renewable energies) Wind, Solar, Hydro and geothermal) leads to 0.87, 1.17, 6.44, 4.29, 2.09, 1.78 and 1.56 percentage increase in the economic growth, respectivel and it became clear that It was found that among renewable energy sources, the effect of wind energy on growth is higher than other energies and we have to prioritize investment in wind energy. Therefore, according to the results of the research, the political recommendation is that, considering the process of the types of renewable energy sources in Iran, since wind energy has the greatest effect on economic growth compared to other energy sources. By investing in this unit, the share of renewable energy use in Iran could be increased Key words: Renewable energy, Economic Growth, Vector Error Correction Model and Johansson-Juselius method JEL: O13, C13, G21, C22
Mohammad Sayadi; mousa khoshkalam
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between oil revenue, effective government capital spending and non-oil GDP in Iran in the 1990: Q1 to 2017: Q1 in the context of a BVAR model with main feature such as public investment inefficiencies in development objectives. In this ...
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The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between oil revenue, effective government capital spending and non-oil GDP in Iran in the 1990: Q1 to 2017: Q1 in the context of a BVAR model with main feature such as public investment inefficiencies in development objectives. In this regard a Bayesian Vector Auto Regressive (BVAR) Model was applied and Normal- Wishart in Prior Density Function selected by RMSE and Theil indices and impulse functions (IRF) in response to stochastic shocks was analyzed. Results from IRFs revealed oil revenue and non-oil GDP shocks tend to government capital spending slightly increase. Base as usual trends, public spending as foundation of development plan has not significant situation. The findings show that, with positive shocks in effective government spending, GDP without oil under all three scenarios increases, while the largest increase in non-oil GDP under the optimistic scenario corresponding to the lowest level of investment inefficiency. Results from IRFs revealed because of the structure of the economy that was largely unproductive and Dutch Disease phenomenon, the oil revenue increment has inverse effect on the growth of non-oil producing sector, and so on oil revenues not able to play an incentive and running role to non-oil GDP growth and overall national production.
Hossein Heidari
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Hormozgan province was investigated in the form of economic development programs. For this purpose, to investigate inequality and poverty at the level of the country and Hormozgan province, the detailed data of the income-expenditure ...
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In this study, the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Hormozgan province was investigated in the form of economic development programs. For this purpose, to investigate inequality and poverty at the level of the country and Hormozgan province, the detailed data of the income-expenditure plan of Iran Statistics Center, the non-parametric Gini coefficient index and the poverty gap rate were used. Also, in order to compare inequality and poverty between urban and rural areas of Hormozgan province and urban and rural areas of the whole country with Hormozgan province, 6 variance analysis models were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in urban areas and rural areas of Hormozgan province, and inequality and poverty in urban areas of Hormozgan province are 0.014 and 0.037 units lower than rural areas, respectively. Also, there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in the urban areas of Hormozgan province and urban areas of the country, and inequality and poverty in the urban areas of Hormozgan province are 0.049 units less and 0.045 units more than the urban areas of the country, respectively. In addition, there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in rural areas of Hormozgan province and areas of the country, and inequality and poverty in rural areas of Hormozgan province are 0.031 less and 0.068 units higher than rural areas of the country, respectively
Co2 Emissions
Abstract
The article purpose is analysis of decoupling relationship between CO2 emissions energy-related and economic growth in 6 Middle East countries in period 1990-2019. For this, CO2 emissions driving mechanisms were first quantified using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method, and then decomposed ...
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The article purpose is analysis of decoupling relationship between CO2 emissions energy-related and economic growth in 6 Middle East countries in period 1990-2019. For this, CO2 emissions driving mechanisms were first quantified using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method, and then decomposed into factors of CO2 emission coefficient, energy intensity, economic activity and population. Next, the decoupling state of each country was analyzed using the Tapio model. The findings show that population and economic activities factors were main drivers of CO2 emissions in these countries. The results of decoupling elasticity showed that Iran was in a weak decoupling state in period of 1990-1999 and 2015-2019; It means the simultaneous increase of economic growth and carbon emissions, of course, by faster economic growth; Iran had also an expansive coupling state in period of 2000-2014, which indicates that CO2 emissions increase along economic growth. The UAE and Saudi Arabia have reached an ideal situation in recent years. These countries have moved from a negative decoupling and expansive coupling state to a strong decoupling state, where economic growth has been accompanied by a reduction in carbon emissions. The Kuwait and Turkey have been in a stable situation and have been in weak decoupling and negative expansive decoupling states in the last 3 decades, in which economic growth was accompanied by an increase in carbon emissions, but economic growth increased faster in Kuwait. At the beginning, the Egypt has changed to a weak decoupling state and then moved to an expansive negative decoupling state.
Mirnaser Mirbagheri hir; Ali Salmanpourzonouz
Abstract
Pollution tax is one of the most important tools of the government to reduce pollution and increase the welfare of society. Direct environmental or pigouvian tax, by affecting the revenues of producers, seeks to impose a tax on polluting products to reduce pollution. Accordingly, the main purpose of ...
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Pollution tax is one of the most important tools of the government to reduce pollution and increase the welfare of society. Direct environmental or pigouvian tax, by affecting the revenues of producers, seeks to impose a tax on polluting products to reduce pollution. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to calculate the optimal pollution tax rate taking into account environmental considerations using an endogenous growth model in the Iranian economy. In this study, an endogenous growth model with a stochastic production function is used. After developing the model and solving it by Hamilton-Belman-Jacobi random method and achieving the relationship determining the optimal rate of pollution tax, using the parameters of the Iranian economy, the model was calibrated and the optimal amount of pollution tax was calculated. The results of model estimation show that the optimal rate of pollution tax for the Iranian economy is 5.3% of total production. Also, the interest rate or capital gain rate in Islamic economy and its fluctuations, production fluctuations, change of pollution function parameters, the rate of the optimal pollution tax rate. The affect results of the sensitivity analysis for the Iranian economy indicate that with increasing environmental preferences, interest rates and production fluctuations, the optimal pollution tax rate should increase in the optimal state of social welfare. Also, with increasing capital gain rate fluctuations, to remain in the optimal situation, the pollution tax rate must be reduced.
mehrnoosh kalani; majid sameti; hossein sharifi renani
Abstract
Social welfare is one of the policymakers’ main challenges in different societies, and as financing government expenditures is closely related to social welfare, this issue can be very important. Considering welfare cost of consumption and inflation taxation, the government must implicit tax rates ...
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Social welfare is one of the policymakers’ main challenges in different societies, and as financing government expenditures is closely related to social welfare, this issue can be very important. Considering welfare cost of consumption and inflation taxation, the government must implicit tax rates on consumption and inflation to finance budget deficit that may minimize the marginal cost of social welfare. This study calculates optimal tax rates on consumption and inflation using the optimal financing model Mankiw. At first, the research calculates price and income elasticity of eight groups of commodities based on the linear expenditure system (LES) and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) from 1996 to 2016 to calculate the social welfare cost of consumption tax. And then a calibration method calculates the optimal consumption tax rates model on the commodity groups and the optimal inflation rates using the genetic algorithm method. The research shows that the optimal tax rate is lower on commodity groups at a lower price and income elasticity. The optimal tax rate on the essential and normal goods groups is reduced by increasing loss distribution approach, and that is increased on the luxury goods groups and there is also an increase in the scatter of the optimal tax rates. However, multi-rate tax system is approved at all levels of escape rates for parameters. The optimal tax rate is also close to -0/1 which supports Friedman’s optimal rule.
Salman Gharakhani; Mohsen Renani; Zahra Karimi; Farshad Momeni
Abstract
The thinkers and theorists in development have proposed various theories on the non-convergent path of development in different societies. In line with this, as one of new institutionalists North studied the transition from Limited Access Order (LAO) (i.e., Natural State) to Open Access Order (OAO) by ...
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The thinkers and theorists in development have proposed various theories on the non-convergent path of development in different societies. In line with this, as one of new institutionalists North studied the transition from Limited Access Order (LAO) (i.e., Natural State) to Open Access Order (OAO) by emphasizing the violence concept. In this paper, it is tried to investigate the institutional barriers to Iran's transition from the Natural State (NS) during the second Pahlavi era; therefore, an analytic narrative is presented about elements such as the official political institutions, formal economic institutions, major domestic superordinates and the rent resources during this period using the Governance Diamond Index (GDI). Hence, this time span is divided into two different periods, namely Fragile Limited Access Order (FLAO) and Basic Limited Access Order (BLAO), and the interaction among ruling coalition members is studied using GDI. Although Iran experienced BLAO in this period, the historical evidence shows the major issue was that this country not only did not move toward OAO, its conditions even led to FLAO and eventually chaos after undergoing a period of BLAO. The results of this study illustrate that the country was exposed to continuous violence due to lack of a coalition among superordinates, the domination of personal relationships over all affairs, and the non-productive distribution of rents under the shadow of increased oil revenues and foreign aid.
Economic Growth
Reza Akbarian; Mahsa Famkar
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 185-161
Abstract
This paper examines the association of income inequality and economic growth with public expenditures on education as an intermediary factor in Iran. Time series data from 1974-2005 and two stage least squares (2sls) method are used to estimate a simultaneous equation system. Public expenditures on education ...
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This paper examines the association of income inequality and economic growth with public expenditures on education as an intermediary factor in Iran. Time series data from 1974-2005 and two stage least squares (2sls) method are used to estimate a simultaneous equation system. Public expenditures on education and economic growth are dependent variables and population density, human capital, past public expenditures on education and income inequality are considered as explanatory variables in the model. The results are as follows: 1-There is a negative association between income inequality and economic growth with or without public expenditures on education as an intermediary factor. 2-Public expenditures on education are negatively associated with economic growth. 3-Although the sign of past public expenditures on education with public expenditures as an intermediary factor is positive, but the coefficient of past public expenditures on education is not significant in the growth rate equation. So a judgement can not be made about its relationship with economic growth.
Masoud Saadatmehr
Volume 1, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 187-163
Abstract
In the study, the function of private investment is estimated to examine the effect of security on the kind of investment in Iran. The study in time series 1363 – 87 with help of the model auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) was done. The results showed that security investment in short term ...
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In the study, the function of private investment is estimated to examine the effect of security on the kind of investment in Iran. The study in time series 1363 – 87 with help of the model auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) was done. The results showed that security investment in short term and long term has signification effect on private investment. The effect is more in long term compared with short term. So one unit increase in investment risk rate, in short term and long term cause the decrease in private investment 0.42 and 1.88 milliard rials respectively
morteza sameti; Homayun Ranjbar; Fazilat Mohseni
Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2012, , Pages 223-183
Abstract
Good governance is a concept that was proposed in the development literature as a key to the development puzzle in the late 90’s. This concept is derived from the theory of institutionalization and is the product of three institutions including government, private sector and civil society. World ...
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Good governance is a concept that was proposed in the development literature as a key to the development puzzle in the late 90’s. This concept is derived from the theory of institutionalization and is the product of three institutions including government, private sector and civil society. World Bank defines good governance based on six indicators including: voice and accountability, political stability, no violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption. This paper has examined the effect of good governance indicators (prepared by the World Bank) on human development index (HDI) as a criterion for development, in ASEAN countries during 2000-2009 by using panel data analysis. UNDP claims that the hdi is superior to per-capita gdp for measuring development. The result finds that among six indicators of good governance, political stability, no violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and rule of law have positive and statistically significant effect on human development index.
Hsiao's Causality
Mohammad Taher Ahmadi; Mohammad Ali Fallahi; Somayeh Khosravi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2012, , Pages 234-203
Abstract
Interest as investment opportunity cost or cost of required credits in production process plays an important role in cost of goods manufactured. So it is expected that inflation rate might be affected by changes in interest rate. The present paper studies causality relation between changes in interest ...
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Interest as investment opportunity cost or cost of required credits in production process plays an important role in cost of goods manufactured. So it is expected that inflation rate might be affected by changes in interest rate. The present paper studies causality relation between changes in interest rate and inflation rate in countries of Mena. Quarterly data concerning interest and inflation rates were analyzed in 16 member countries in Mena in the period 1997-2008. Augmented Dicki-Foler and Philips structural failure tests were used to assess the reliability of time series data .To determine causality relation between two variables of interest and inflation, Granger and Hsiao's causality tests were utilized. The results obtained from Hsiao's and Granger causality tests indicate that the research hypothesis is supported only for Qatar and Djibouti. In other words, in both countries there is a causality relation from changes in interest rate to changes in inflation rate but there isn't such relation in other countries. Considering the results of research, it can be said that policy of reduced interest rate can't lead us toward the intended goal of controlling inflation rate
Nooraddin Sharify
Volume 2, Issue 5 , March 2012, , Pages 238-207
Abstract
This paper investigates the possibility of both linear and nonlinear effects of energy consumption on economic growth in Iran, using data for the period of 1959–2007 based on threshold regression. Some previous studies support the view that energy consumption may promote economic growth. However, ...
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This paper investigates the possibility of both linear and nonlinear effects of energy consumption on economic growth in Iran, using data for the period of 1959–2007 based on threshold regression. Some previous studies support the view that energy consumption may promote economic growth. However, the conclusion drawn from this study suggests that such relationship exists only where there is a low level of energy consumption in Iran. The evidence shows that, there are two break points (corresponding with three regimes) in economic growth function. For the low energy consumption regime (where per capita energy consumption is less than 5 barrels) we find that energy consumption has an important positive influence on economic growth with coefficient 0.09, which is not the case with the high or middle regime. In middle regime with per capita energy consumption between 5 and 8 barrels, the marginal effect of energy use on economic growth gets to 0.015. For the regime corresponding to per capita energy consumption above the threshold 8 barrels, the marginal effect of energy use is reduced to about zero. We show that a threshold regression provides a better empirical model rather than the standard linear model and policy-makers should seek to capture economic structures associated with different stages of economic growth
Hasan Sadeghi; Majid Sameti; Morteza Sameti
Volume 2, Issue 6 , May 2012, , Pages 249-209
Abstract
Economic development programs, especially in developing countries, as much as national economies interaction with the global economy, are affected ...
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Economic development programs, especially in developing countries, as much as national economies interaction with the global economy, are affected by economic globalization process. It has also been shown that the national economies, are seriously affected by this phenomenon. Economic development at the national level, without the active interaction with the global economy suffers a serious challenge. On the other hand, the development programs in developing countries are influenced by the size of government. Towards globalization, governments should take actions to create and promote a competitive environment. In too many studies, the impact of globalization on government size has been analyzed but the results have not been the same. In this paper, using panel data and econometric methods, the effects of globalization on the size of government in selected Asian countries (Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia and Iran) have been studied. The results show that economic globalization has not reduced the size of government in these selected countries.
. ..; . .
Abstract
One of the characteristics of developed countries is the existence of efficient markets and financial institutions, which, while playing an important role in the economy of these countries, are also the basis for the economic growth and development of these countries. Today, in different countries, many ...
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One of the characteristics of developed countries is the existence of efficient markets and financial institutions, which, while playing an important role in the economy of these countries, are also the basis for the economic growth and development of these countries. Today, in different countries, many indicators are prepared by different statistical and scientific authorities such as government organizations, international organizations, universities and other centers in different fields and are made available to the public. Investigating the economic trends of countries helps traders. In this research, we have examined the impact of macro indicators on Iran's economic growth. The results show that the management of sanctions conditions and the consistent implementation of the resistance economy strategy during the beginning of the sixth plan strengthened the mentioned index, so that the average NSED has increased to the level between the second and third plans, according to the results of the analysis. Sensitivity, the fourth and third programs have been distinguished as the most successful development programs, as well as the fifth and first programs with the weakest performance.
Safyeh mozafari; Azam Rezaee; farhad shirani; farshid eshraghi
Abstract
The importance of productivity growth (PG) in the agricultural sector in the long-term economic growth of countries on the one hand and the high share of the agricultural sector in the economy of Islamic countries, on the other hand, shows the importance of analyzing the PG in Islamic countries. This ...
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The importance of productivity growth (PG) in the agricultural sector in the long-term economic growth of countries on the one hand and the high share of the agricultural sector in the economy of Islamic countries, on the other hand, shows the importance of analyzing the PG in Islamic countries. This article aims to analyze the agricultural total factors productivity (ATFP) of Islamic countries from 1995 to 2019. Solow's growth model and panel data technique were used to calculate the ATFP growth. Based on the results, the Cobb-Douglas production function was chosen as the best functional form. Also, the variables of fertilizer, cultivated area, capital, and employment have a positive and significant effect on the value added. In addition, TFP will be examined in 3 sub-groups to illustrate the developments within the OIC better. The first, second and third groups are classified as the Least Developed, the middle-income and oil-exporting countries, respectively. ATFP of the first, second, and third groups are -4%, 8%, and 0.6%, respectively. The negative PG of the LDC indicates that this group isn’t in a sustainable development pathway. Also, the OE has lower productivity rather than MI because of the focus on oil export. Besides, ATFP of Togo, Niger, Cameron, Egypt, Jordan, Iran, and the U.A.E. is negative which illustrates the unsustainable development of these countries. All in all, technological innovation is should be considered to promote sustainable development of OIC countries. In addition, to improve agricultural productivity, the government should be enhanced investment in human capital.
Economic Integration
monireh rafat
Volume 8, Issue 31 , June 2018, , Pages 123-134
Abstract
The widespread progress on capital account liberalization and the massive increase in financial flows across the borders, have stimulated a lively debate on the broad economic effects of financial openness. This paper contributes to the debate by assessing whether financial openness facilitates per-capita ...
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The widespread progress on capital account liberalization and the massive increase in financial flows across the borders, have stimulated a lively debate on the broad economic effects of financial openness. This paper contributes to the debate by assessing whether financial openness facilitates per-capita income catching-up across countries in Iran and the developing countries? As the current wave of globalization has generated widespread interest among national policymakers on the factors and policies that best promote economic integration, the paper provides empirical evidence on whether financial openness should be included among such policies by focusing on the dimensions that most critically characterize the process of economic integration, namely income convergence? The key results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: Financial openness, financial integration and internal financial development, significantly facilitates per-capita income catching-up, but the role of internal financial development are more than two other variables.
Dynamic Panel Data
Franak Aghazadeh bektash; Monireh Dizaji
Volume 7, Issue 27 , July 2017, , Pages 125-142
Abstract
Quality of government intervention in the economy or in other words the efficiency and effectiveness of government, has a close relation with the development.Because policy makers are often ineffective, inefficient bureaucracy will be created. The inefficiency of the government can be very dangerous ...
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Quality of government intervention in the economy or in other words the efficiency and effectiveness of government, has a close relation with the development.Because policy makers are often ineffective, inefficient bureaucracy will be created. The inefficiency of the government can be very dangerous for development and economic security and will lead to waste of resources, monopolism, mistrust of government, economic instability and inappropriate institutionalization. This research examines the empirical relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of government and economic growth in the context of GMM model using combined data for 121 countries of the world in the period from 1996 to 2013 in two separate groups for developing as well as developed coutries. The results show the positive impact of the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending on economic growth.
Energy
Shokooh Mahmoodi; seyed abdolmajid jalaee esfand abadi
Volume 7, Issue 28 , September 2017, , Pages 127-140
Abstract
In this research the effect of energy intensity shocks on energy use of three sectors of economy is studied through input-output table and the dependence of every following section on energy section is computed by calculating forward linkage index of energy sector with each following section. The results ...
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In this research the effect of energy intensity shocks on energy use of three sectors of economy is studied through input-output table and the dependence of every following section on energy section is computed by calculating forward linkage index of energy sector with each following section. The results show that industy sector has most dependence on energy sector and provide 3% of it’s input from energy sector and after that services and agriculture sectors provide 1.3 and 1.2 percent of their input from energy sector. The coefficients of sensitivity and Power of Dispersion Index of energy sector associated with the agricultural sector indicate that the impact of energy sector on the agricultural sector is greater than the influence of this sector from agricultural sector. By calculating energy intensity shock and considering it’s effect on energy use of economy sectors, forward linkage index of energy sector with each sector is increased equally and also their dependence is increased too.
Export Diversification
hossein amiri; marjaneh beshkhoor
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2017, , Pages 127-144
Abstract
In this study, the effect of horizontal and vertical diversification policies on economic growth in Iran is investigated. The approach applied is Markov Switching regimes, for annual data series 1979-2015. The growth rates of horizontal and vertical diversification, consume expenditure, and investment ...
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In this study, the effect of horizontal and vertical diversification policies on economic growth in Iran is investigated. The approach applied is Markov Switching regimes, for annual data series 1979-2015. The growth rates of horizontal and vertical diversification, consume expenditure, and investment as well as inflation rate are the variables which are used in this study. The results show that inflation rate, consume expenditure and vertical diversification growth have positive and significant effect, in both 0 and1 regimes, on economic growth. Furthermore, the horizontal diversification and investment growth also have positive effect on economic growth but only in 0 regime. Additionally, the predicted economic growth rate under three proposed scenarios, for 2016 and 2017 years, show that we can reach 8 percentage as medium growth rate in the sixth development program with emphasizing on vacant capacity, especially horizontal and vertical diversification policies.
